Just the Essentials of Elementary Statistics
by Robert Johnson and Patricia Kuby

The Seeing Statistics applets linked below can be used to illustrate all the concepts and answer all the exercises in sections 6.1 to 6.4 of Just the Essentials of Elementary Statistics.

• Normal Probabilities. Use this applet to answer all questions which specify a range of raw or z-scores and ask for the probability.

• Normal Probabilities. This is a more interactive applet than the previous one; it allows you to drag the ends of the included region with the mouse. This applet is more fun but its accuracy is limited by the resolution of the screen. However, it is more educational because you will directly experience the connection between the shaded area under the normal distribution and the probability. So, use this applet to understand what is going on, but use the other applets to get more accurate answers.

• z-scores. Use this applet to answer all questions which specify a probability and ask for the relevant range of raw or z-scores. It also does transformations between raw scores and z-scores in either direction.

• Normal Tables. This applet illustrates how to use "old-fashioned" tables of normal probabilities. This applet is equivalent to all the illustrations in Section 6.2.